How I Know When Coaching Has Actually Worked
My internal coaching scale is not about judgement or overthinking.
It is calibrated pattern recognition built through long exposure, real feedback, and one question that matters: how much has my coachee/client grown and developed?
I have tracked coaching impact and benefit with my clients and coachees for over fifteen years. I do not use a formal scoring system or a checklist. I use a simple internal reference point. A quick numeric note that helps me answer one question honestly: did anything genuinely move here?
After every one or two sessions, I note where a client seems to be sitting on a scale most people never even talk about out loud. Over time, this becomes a living record of their development, not just a log of meetings.
The scale is not about whether someone “liked” the session. It is not a satisfaction score, a vibe check, or a measure of how smooth the conversation felt. It is a practical way of capturing something I care deeply about: real developmental movement. Not just insight, not just agreement, not just a good chat. Progress.
And here is the part that matters. What I am describing is not over-precision. It is calibrated pattern recognition built through long exposure and feedback. The numbers are not the insight. They are the shorthand I use to track what I am observing over time. These 'scores' are rarely, if ever, shared with anyone, but they help me to assess progress, prepare for each coaching session, and hold myself to account.
Most managers don’t set out to fail – but many do
No one starts their role as a new manager saying, “I’m going to be terrible at this.” Yet that is often what ends up happening. Many people effectively “fall into leadership”. They are promoted because they were good at their technical job, or because there was a gap to fill, not because they have been deliberately prepared for leadership.
Large surveys consistently show that a high proportion of managers receive little to no formal leadership training, becoming accidental managers overnight. At the same time, only a minority of people naturally possess the full set of talents required to manage others at a high level. The rest require structured development, deliberate practice, and ongoing support if they are going to lead effectively, rather than simply occupy a role.
In other words, managers are hugely consequential, most are under-prepared, and only a small proportion will reach their potential without intentional investment. When organisations treat leadership development and coaching as optional or 'soft,' they still pay for it in different ways. They pay through higher turnover, lower engagement, inconsistency in performance, and a steady erosion of culture and trust.
Why leadership coaching is a high-ROI investment
When organisations take the time to calculate the return on investment of coaching, the numbers are rarely marginal. Multiple studies and meta-analyses over the past two decades have reported median returns of five to seven times the original investment in executive coaching, once gains in productivity, decision-making quality, and retention are taken into account. Some large-scale programs have reported ROI in the hundreds of percent when they track outcomes carefully over time.
Importantly, those results are not just about feel good factors. They show up in tangible metrics that matter to executives and boards. Lower turnover in key roles, improved performance of critical teams, reduced time to effectiveness for new leaders, better internal mobility, fewer escalations, and more effective succession. In many organisations, leaders who receive coaching are more likely to be promoted and more likely to be retained. I have seen these benefits first-hand, for both the leader and organisation, plus their teams, and lives outside of the workplace.
Coaching also changes the texture of daily leadership. Leaders who have been coached well tend to run better 1:1's, give clearer feedback, build accountability more fairly, and create more psychologically safe environments for their teams. Those patterns drive engagement, innovation, and performance in ways that compounding policies alone cannot match.
Coaching as strategic advantage, not just remediation
This is why leadership coaching has shifted, globally, from being a remedial fix for struggling executives to a strategic capability-builder. More and more, coaching is being offered proactively to high-potential leaders, new managers, and critical stakeholders, as part of their development pathway and planning, not as a 'last resort' or when remedial coaching becomes necessary.
Organisations with stronger leadership development and coaching cultures consistently outperform their peers on key indicators. They are more likely to report higher revenue per employee, stronger profitability, and better engagement and retention outcomes. The reason is simple. Leadership quality scales the impact of every other investment you make across strategy, technology, process, and structure.
In Falling Into Leadership, I explore this distinction between accidental leadership and deliberate leadership. Coaching, applied effectively, is one of the most practical ways to move someone from simply 'falling into' a role to consciously owning, shaping, and growing their leadership practice over time.
How my internal scale links to real-world impact
My personal scale is a way of making that shift visible. Each small increment reflects a change in how a leader is thinking, deciding, and behaving. The difference between someone who has landed in a role and someone who is actively stepping into leadership.
At one level, I pay attention to the immediate experience of the work: perceived value, relevance, psychological safety, and the quality of the relationship. In formal programs, this can show up as satisfaction scores, likelihood to recommend coaching, completion rates, and engagement metrics. These do not prove behaviour change, but they tell us whether the experience is strong enough to create the conditions for change.
At the next level, I look at what the leader is actually building: capability, confidence, and new options. That can be captured through pre‑ and post‑leadership competency assessments, shifts in 360‑degree feedback, and the rate at which coaching goals are achieved. This is where we start to see the difference between someone who has simply been exposed to new ideas and someone who is genuinely developing their leadership.
Then there is behaviour: what the leader does differently in the real world. Here, I look for evidence in observable leadership behaviour, manager‑effectiveness ratings from their teams, better performance and feedback conversations, and self‑reported increases in confidence when dealing with complex or uncomfortable situations. My small numeric shifts are a shorthand for these patterns, helping me track whether the person is still largely 'falling into' situations or deliberately choosing how they want to lead.
Finally, there is the organisational impact. Depending on the context, that might include internal promotion rates, strength of succession pipelines, retention and engagement in key teams, fewer escalations, or improvements in revenue, productivity, customer experience, or safety metrics. My internal scale does not replace those measures. It connects them back to what is happening with actual human beings in leadership roles. It helps us see the line between conversation, behaviour, and result.
When these layers are aligned, you no longer have to guess whether coaching is working. You can track how a shift in how a leader thinks and behaves is influencing the people around them and, ultimately, the outcomes the organisation cares about.
The increments are experience-based pattern recognition, not mathematical
A common assumption is that a 0.5 shift, or even a 0.2 shift, must be made up. As if it is just rounding, or personal preference, or some obsessive attempt to quantify something that cannot be quantified.
That assumption misses the point. The increments are grounded in what I see and hear, not mathematical. They reflect lived, observable changes in the person in front of me. I am tracking qualitative signals, then mapping them onto a numeric shorthand so I can see movement over time without writing a full essay after every session.
Subtle shifts in behaviour and subsequent score movement are often visible in things like:
- How quickly a client locates the real issue, without circling it for twenty minutes
- How much responsibility they take, without needing me to coax them into ownership
- How their language, posture, and certainty shift while we are still talking
- How intently insight converts into behaviour, not intention
This is why I can define a 0.5 shift. Not because I am chasing precision or making judgements for their own sake, but because when you watch enough leaders over enough years, you start to recognise stable patterns. You learn the difference between 'that makes sense' and 'something has genuinely changed.'
This is how real expertise works
People sometimes think experts have a neat model first, and then apply it. In reality, many experts build the model from repeated exposure and micro-comparisons, then develop language afterwards.
You see this with senior clinicians, experienced professionals, and elite coaches. They often know something is different before they can explain why, because the pattern‑recognition model lives below conscious thought. It is reinforced by outcomes, not theory. It is built through feedback, consequences, repetition, and time.
Leadership development is no different. Over time, you can feel the difference between cognitive agreement and internal ownership. Between reflection and self‑directed action. Between a leader who is saying the “right” things, and a leader who is already changing how they lead.
What a 7/10 actually is
It is solid, effective work that looks and feels like:
- Engaged, attentive, respectful
- Clearly finding value
- Tracking the thinking
- Leaving with useful insight
- Translating the discussions into their own world
- Reflecting, applying, practicing and learning from doing
In other words, it is a solid session. Nothing missing, nothing wrong. Most coaches, facilitators and practitioners would happily call it a strong result, and they would be right.
What an >7/10 actually is
This is qualitatively different, not incrementally better, looking and feeling like:
- The client is fully in the zone, not just present
- You can feel internal re‑orientation happening live
- They are slightly slowed or unsettled, in a productive way
- Their language starts to shift mid‑session
- They are already projecting forward, not just reflecting back
- After the session, you see behavioural signals, not just cognitive agreement
The most important marker is this: the follow‑through begins before you ask for it.
That is the difference between "that was really useful" and "something important has moved here."
I often use a tennis analogy when I am explaining this to leaders. To play at a higher level, you have to practice. You have to pick up the racket and get on the court, again and again. Instinctively, people understand this when it comes to sport or learning a technical skill. No one expects to play good tennis without repetition, coaching, feedback, and time. Yet when it comes to leadership, many people quietly believe there must be shortcuts. That experience alone, or a title, or good intentions should be enough.
It does not work that way. Leadership is more complex than tennis because you are working with people, not a racket and balls. The gap is the same though. It is the difference between simply lobbing the ball over the net and hitting a clean, powerful forehand down the line. Just because you are in a role of authority, managing others, or playing tennis alongside other managers in your organisation, does not mean you are playing at the same level. We are all on the court. The difference is not whether we are playing, it is how well we are playing.
Why some sessions sit at 7, even when the work is excellent
Sometimes a session cannot reach an 8.5 moment in the room, even with high quality coaching, because the issue is structurally complex. It sits at the intersection of authority, identity, ownership, family systems, or long‑term stakes. The person is still emotionally inside the system.
In those conditions, integration often happens between sessions, not during them. A great session might be the one that creates the space for reflection to land later. The scale helps me pace that properly, not push too hard, and not pretend a breakthrough has happened just because the conversation was productive.
From individual shifts to coaching culture
Over time, the real ROI appears not just in individual leaders but in the culture they create. When managers consistently act like coaches, asking better questions, building ownership, and expecting people to think for themselves, organisations tend to see higher retention, stronger engagement, and more innovation. These outcomes are a result of problem‑solving no longer bottlenecked at the top.
My internal scale is a small, practical tool that helps move organisations in that direction. It ensures that we are not just 'doing coaching,' but building leadership capacity in ways that can be seen, felt, and measured, so leaders don’t simply fall into leadership, they grow into it.
The point of naming this
I have rarely articulated this publicly because most people do not need the granularity. Without context, it can sound abstract. With context, it becomes useful. It helps explain the difference between good work and work that lands. It also gives leaders a more honest way of assessing their own progress.
I am not using numbers to impress people. I am using numbers to tell the truth, to myself first. The truth about what moved. The truth about what did not. The truth about what I need to do differently next time.
We are all playing the game of leadership. Titles may get you onto the court, but they say nothing about the standard of your play. That is shaped by practice, attention, and follow‑through over time. The real difference between a useful session and genuine development is the same difference between simply keeping the ball in play and knowing how to hit the shot that matters when the pressure is on.
Key takeaways
A useful session is not the same as real development. Progress only counts when something changes in how a leader thinks, decides, or behaves after the conversation ends.
Insight is a starting point, not the outcome. What matters is how quickly insight translates into action, experimentation, and visible follow‑through in the real world.
Meaningful development often shows up in small shifts, not dramatic breakthroughs. When you know what to observe, incremental changes in language, ownership, and confidence signal genuine movement.
Detail only matters when it improves the quality of the work. It should help you pace conversations properly, prepare more deliberately, and hold yourself and others to account for what happens next.
Leadership capability is built through regular use. It develops when leaders return to the work consistently, practice deliberately under real conditions, and reflect honestly on what worked and what did not.
Real growth and development occur when leadership is approached as a skill to be owned, reviewed, and strengthened through regular practice, not something you simply fall into.
Practical actions you can use immediately
- After your next leadership or coaching conversation, pause and ask: what actually shifted here, not what was discussed or agreed?
- Identify one observable behaviour you expect to see within the next week, something that would clearly indicate progress, rather than intention.
- Listen closely to your own language. Notice when you are speaking from ownership and choice, versus explanation, justification, or analysis.
- Treat the next step as deliberate practice, try something in the real world, see what happens, and reflect on the outcome before adjusting your approach.
References and sources
- International Coaching Federation (2024). Coaching Statistics: The ROI of Coaching in 2024. https://coachingfederation.org/blog/coaching-statistics-the-roi-of-coaching-in-2024/
- International Coaching Federation (2025). 2025 ICF Global Coaching Study – Executive Summary. https://coachingfederation.org/resource/2025-icf-global-coaching-study-executive-summary/
- Luisa Zhou (2026). 70+ Latest Coaching Statistics: ROI, Growth & AI (2026). https://luisazhou.com/blog/coaching-statistics/
- Erickson Coaching International (2022). The Link Between Leadership Coaching and Retention Rates. https://www.erickson.edu/resources/the-link-between-leadership-coaching-and-retention-rates
- Institute of Managers and Leaders ANZ (2025). ROI of Leadership Training and Its Impact on Retention. https://managersandleaders.com.au/leadership-training-roi-and-employee-retention/
- McKinsey & Company (2023). New leadership in an era of thriving organizations. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/new-leadership-for-a-new-era-of-thriving-organizations
- Co-Active Training Institute (2025). When Leaders Coach: The Real ROI of Empowerment. https://coactive.com/blog/the-real-roi-of-empowerment/
- Falling Into Leadership, Steve Riddle. https://coachstation.com.au/falling-into-leadership/





